Compounds Of Carbon


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Compounds Of Carbon

Carbon And Its Compounds:  Carbon (C) is chemical clement (atomic number 6; atomic weight 12.01115 and electronic configuration 2, 4). It is estimated that carbon makes up 0.32% of the earth's crust. Carbon is unique in chemistry because it forms a vast number of compounds, larger than the sum total of all other elements combined. By far the largest group of these compounds is those composed of carbon and hydrogen. It has been estimated that there are at least 1,000,000 known organic compounds, and this number is increasing rapidly every year.

Compound Of Carbon:

Carbon dioxide is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas (formula CO_2 and about 1.5 times as heavy as air). Under normal conditions, it is stable, inert, and non-toxic. The decay (slow oxidation) of an organic materials produces CO2. Fresh air contains approximately o.03% CO. by volume. In the respiratory action (breathing) of all animals and humans, CO, is exhaled.

Carbon dioxide gas may be liquefied or solidified. Solid CO, is known as dry ice.

Applications include use as a refrigerant, in solid (dry ice) or liquid form, chemical reactant, neutralising agent for alkalis, and pressurising agent.

Carbon dioxide does not support the combustion of a splint or candle. Carbon dioxide turns calcium hydroxide solution (lime water) milky.

Carbon monoxide is formed when carbon compounds burn in limited supply of air. Carbon monoxide is very poisonous and particularly dangerous because it has no smell. More people have been killed by carbon monoxide than by any other gas. Carbon monoxide is poisonous because it reacts with the haemoglobin in blood and prevents the blood from acting as an oxygen carrier. The gas can be produced accidentally by leaving a car engine running in a closed garage or by burning a fire or boiler with restricted ventilation.

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